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ADVERBS OF DEGREE

Adverbs of degree tell us about the intensity or degree of an action, an
adjective or another adverb.
Common adverbs of degree:
Almost, nearly, quite, just, too, enough, hardly, scarcely, completely,
very, extremely.
Adverbs of degree are usually placed:
1. before the adjective or adverb they are modifying:
e.g. The water was extremely cold.
2. before the main verb:
e.g. He was just leaving. She has almost finished.
Examples:
l She doesn't quite know what she'll do after university.
l They are completely exhausted from the trip.
l I am too tired to go out tonight.
l He hardly noticed what she was saying.
Enough, very, too
Enough as an adverb meaning 'to the necessary degree' goes after adjectives
and adverbs.
Example:
l Is your coffee hot enough? (adjective)
l He didn't work hard enough. (adverb)
It also goes before nouns, and means 'as much as is necessary'. In this case it
is not an adverb, but a 'determiner'.
Example:
l We have enough bread.
l They don't have enough food.
Too as an adverb meaning 'more than is necessary or useful' goes before
adjectives and adverbs, e.g.
l This coffee is too hot. (adjective)
l He works too hard. (adverb)
Enough and too with adjectives can be followed by 'for someone/something'.

KINDS OF ADVERBS

ADVERBS OF CERTAINTY
These adverbs express how certain or sure we feel about an action or event.
Common adverbs of certainty:
certainly, definitely, probably, undoubtedly, surely
Adverbs of certainty go before the main verb but after the verb 'to be':
l He definitely left the house this morning.
l He is probably in the park.
With other auxiliary verb, these adverbs go between the auxiliary and the
main verb:
l He has certainly forgotten the meeting.
l He will probably remember tomorrow.
Sometimes these adverbs can be placed at the beginning of the sentence:
l Undoubtedly, Winston Churchill was a great politician.
BE CAREFUL! with surely. When it is placed at the beginning of the sentence,
it means the speaker thinks something is true, but is looking for
confirmation:
Example:
l Surely you've got a bicycle?

DEFINITE ARTICLE

THE
Articles in English are invariable. That is, they do not change according to
the gender or number of the noun they refer to, e.g. the boy, the woman,
the children
'The' is used:
1. to refer to something which has already been mentioned.
Example: An elephant and a mouse fell in love.
The mouse loved the elephant's long trunk,
and the elephant loved the mouse's tiny nose.
2. when both the speaker and listener know what is being talked about, even
if it has not been mentioned before.
Example: 'Where's the bathroom?'
'It's on the first floor.'
3. in sentences or clauses where we define or identify a particular person or
object:
Examples: The man who wrote this book is famous.
'Which car did you scratch?' 'The red one.
My house is the one with a blue door.'
4. to refer to objects we regard as unique:
Examples: the sun, the moon, the world
5. before superlatives and ordinal numbers: (see Adjectives)
Examples: the highest building, the first page, the last
chapter.
6. with adjectives, to refer to a whole group of people:
Examples: the Japanese (see Nouns - Nationalities), the old
7. with names of geographical areas and oceans:
Examples: the Caribbean, the Sahara, the Atlantic
8. with decades, or groups of years:
Example: she grew up in the seventies

DETERMINERS


FUNCTION AND CLASSES OF DETERMINERS people' by itself is a general reference to somethese people', we know which groupa lot of people' we know how big the
Determiners are words placed in front of a noun to make it clear what the
noun refers to. The word '
group of human beings. If someone says '
they are talking about, and if they say '
group is.
Function